Guide

How to write a resume, step by step

Most resume advice starts with formatting, which is the last thing that matters. Start with what you did, get it on the page in plain language, then shape it. This is the order that works.

Léa Fontaine · Careers writer6 min read

The short version

  • Write the experience section first. Everything else on the page is easier once it exists.
  • One thought per bullet: what you did, at what scale, and what changed as a result.
  • The summary is written last, from what is already on the page — never before it.
  • One page under about ten years of experience, two beyond it.
  • Cutting is the pass that improves it most. A line is charged against the attention available for the line under it.

1. Dump everything first

Before worrying about wording, list every role, project, and responsibility you can remember, along with any number attached to it — team size, budget, users, latency, revenue, error rate, headcount you hired. Don't edit while you do this. You are building raw material.

This stage is uncomfortable because it looks like a mess. That is fine. A messy list of true specifics beats a tidy page of vague claims, and everything after this is subtraction.

2. Decide what the resume is for

A resume is not a career history, it is an argument for one particular job. Pick the role you are actually applying for and let it decide what stays. The consultancy work is essential on one application and a distraction on another.

If you are applying for materially different roles, keep separate versions. Tailoring beats a single document that hedges between two directions.

3. Write the experience section first

It is the section that gets read, so write it while you are fresh. For each role: what you owned, what you changed, and what the result was. Three to five bullets for recent roles, one or two for older ones.

Lead every bullet with a verb and put the outcome where it can't be missed. "Cut onboarding time from three weeks to four days by rebuilding the setup flow" says more in one line than a paragraph of responsibilities.

4. Then the summary

Write the summary last, even though it sits first. Once the experience section exists, the summary is a distillation of it — two or three sentences on what you do, the ground you cover, and what you are strongest at.

Skip the adjectives. "Results-driven professional with a passion for excellence" is invisible to a reader; "Backend engineer, nine years, payments and identity systems in regulated fintech" is not.

5. Education, skills, and the rest

Education goes near the bottom once you have a few years of experience, and near the top before that. List skills you could be interviewed on — a language you used once does not belong next to the one you have shipped production systems in.

Everything else is optional and earns its place only if it supports the argument: projects if they show work your jobs don't, volunteering if it demonstrates relevant scope, languages if the role is international.

6. Cut it down

One page under ten years of experience, two beyond that. This constraint is what forces the quality up — when a line has to compete for space, the weak ones become obvious.

Read it as a stranger would: ten seconds, top to bottom. If the most impressive thing you have done isn't visible in that pass, move it up.

Working from an example rather than a blank page

A blank page is the worst place to start, and it is where most of the difficulty in this process actually lives. Working from a finished resume in your own field is faster and produces a better first draft, because you can see what a real bullet looks like in your discipline before you try to write one.

Use it for structure and register, not for content. What an example shows you is which sections that field expects, how much detail a bullet carries, what a summary sounds like at your level, and what kind of numbers people quote. What it must never supply is a claim — a bullet copied from someone else's resume is a fact about someone else, and it collapses in the first interview.

The role examples on this site are written for exactly this: a complete document per job title, with the reasoning beside it, so you can see both what the page looks like and why it is built that way.

Before and after

The same facts, written twice. Nothing has been added to the right-hand column that was not already true on the left — which is the whole point, and the reason this is editing rather than invention.

Step 1 — the raw note

Before

Handled customer complaints

After

Handled the escalation queue for a 2M-user product — about 40 cases a week, at a 94% satisfaction score

The first version is a duty. The second is the same duty with the volume and the result attached, which is all the rewrite pass ever does.

Step 2 — the summary, written last

Before

Hard-working professional seeking a challenging role in a dynamic organisation

After

Support lead, six years in B2B SaaS, currently running a four-person escalation team for a 2M-user product. Looking for a support management role at a company with a real product-feedback loop.

Every clause in the second version came from a bullet already on the page. That is why it is written last.

The finished-page check

Open your own resume beside this and work down it. Every line is something a reader or a parser acts on within the first pass.

  • Your name, current title and city are readable in the first two seconds
  • Experience is reverse-chronological, most recent first
  • Three to five bullets on recent roles, one or two on older ones
  • At least three bullets across the page end in something that changed
  • The summary says something the chronology cannot
  • No "references available on request", no objective, no full street address
  • Consistent date format, tense and punctuation throughout
  • It fits at eleven point with half-inch margins without compression

Start from one of these

A blank page is the hardest place to begin. These are the plain single-column layouts that suit almost any field — pick one, put your history in it, and spend the time you saved on the bullets.

Common questions

How do I write a resume, step by step?

Dump everything you have done into a document first, without editing. Decide which job the resume is for. Write the experience section, one bullet per thing you did, each ending in what changed. Then write the summary from what is already on the page, add education and skills, and cut to one or two pages.

How do I make a resume without AI?

The same way — the process above is entirely manual, and the hard part of it is remembering what you actually did and deciding what matters, neither of which a model can do for you. A template gives you the structure and an example in your field gives you the register; the writing is yours.

Where can I find free resume samples?

The resume examples section here has a complete sample document for every major job title, with the reasoning beside it. Use them for structure, section order and the level of detail your field expects — never for the claims themselves, which have to be yours.

How long should a resume be?

One page for under ten years of experience, two beyond that. Academic CVs are the exception and run longer by convention.

Should I include a photo?

It depends on where you're applying. Photos are normal in much of continental Europe and the Middle East, and discouraged in the US, UK, Canada and Australia, where they raise discrimination concerns.

Do I need a cover letter?

Only where one is asked for, and it should say something the resume can't — why this company, or an explanation the history needs. A cover letter that restates the resume is worse than none.

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Put it into practice

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